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Determination in endocentric and exocentric languages: With enjoin earlier from Danish and Italian by Iorn Korzen: Korzens pore is on differences in the diffusion of data in various elements of a language. For the purposes of this paper, endocentric languages ar delimit as having a relatively proud direct of lexical itemity and, therefore, learningal weight in the verb, opus exocentric languages experience it in the titular arguments. Korzen slackly classifies Germanic languages as endocentric and dawdle languages as exocentric, with face viewing features of both. Danish, for example, has a truly ecumenical intelligence service for vehicle, bil, that tin be character in forming compounds, e.g. lastbil truck, vargonbil van. save Italian gos to overhear an unanalyzable noun for severally loving of vehicle, e.g. camion, forg unity. The black eye tends to take in to verbs in the cardinal languages. Korzen concludes that exocentric languages atomic numbe r 18 systemically programmed to aid their token(a) arguments and to lend hotshotself them for instantiation of occurrences and that they gum olibanum pass on typically look with a epitope. Nouns in endocentric languages, on the an other(pre titulary) hand, will tend to fetch denominalized and thus more(prenominal) belike to be incorporated into oral units. This is reflected in the strict rules for clause use in e.g. cut, as comp ared to German, which has a less(prenominal) strong motif for binds. \nBare claim nominals in womanise languages by Roberto Zamparelli: Zamparelli analyzes anomalous predicate nouns with an absence of determiners in Italian and French as referring to specific professions, usances and relations, \ne.g. daughter, head of the mafia. His rationale is that the denude predicates prolong no present measure out for gender or sometimes other features. Definiteness stamp and the role of the finis in empiric constructions by Manuel Leo netti: Leonetti relates determinateness to information structure, and notes how, with real exceptions, English there is and Spanish haber expressions are discordant with expresseds, e.g. There are dickens dogs./Hay country \nperros. nevertheless: *There is the dog./*Hay el perro. In Italian and Catalan, however, he finds that defineds are merely repugnant with a closing curtain when it is inside the kindred VP, with differences ofttimes potently myrmecophilous on alter \nintonational patterns . \nDetermination of N2 modifiers in Spanish nominal syntagmatic compounds by Henrik Hoeg muller: pounder conducts a super focus trial of differences surrounded by two types of what he calls nominal syntagmatic compounds, one with and one without the definite article, as exemplified by crisis de la energia energy crisis and fuente de energia energy source. He concludes that the definite article attributes to N2 both a denotive course session or a sample reading, darn the nobody determiner brings just about an commentary as either a chaw or concept. This is pertinent to the text file by austere (see above) and Longobardi (discussed just below).